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Influenza, commonly known as "flu", is a highly contagious viral infection of the respiratory tract. It affects both sexes and all age groups, but its highest incidence is in children. Outbreaks tend to occur in the winter and early spring when as many as 40% of children can become infected. There are three types of influenza viruses. Type A is usually responsible for the large influenza epidemics. Type A is constantly changing, with new strains appearing regularly.
Influenza types A are divided into subtype H (hemagglutinin) and N (neuraminidase). The subtype H has H1~H15 types and the subtype N has N1~N9. Especially H1N1, H3N2, H2N2, H5N1 are important to a human infection.